![]() The Lafayette College Library provides a synopsis of primary sources in several areas of study: Documentary films can be considered a secondary source or primary source, depending on how much the filmmaker modifies the original sources. For a biography of a historian, that historian's publications would be primary sources. In historiography, when the study of history is subject to historical scrutiny, a secondary source becomes a primary source. Social documents are records created by organizations, such as registers of births and tax records.Diplomatic sources include charters and other legal documents which usually follow a set format.They are not limited to fictional sources (which can be sources of information for contemporary attitudes) but include diaries, films, biographies, leading philosophical works, and scientific works. Narrative sources or literary sources tell a story or message.Written sources may be divided into three types. Historians may also take archaeological artifacts and oral reports and interviews into consideration. In a broader sense primary sources also include artifacts like photographs, newsreels, coins, paintings or buildings created at the time. Ī study of cultural history could include fictional sources such as novels or plays. In religious history, the primary sources are religious texts and descriptions of religious ceremonies and rituals. In the history of ideas or intellectual history, the main primary sources are books, essays, and letters written by intellectuals these intellectuals may include historians, whose books and essays are therefore considered primary sources for the intellectual historian, though they are secondary sources in their own topical fields. In political history, primary sources are documents such as official reports, speeches, pamphlets, posters, or letters by participants, official election returns, and eyewitness accounts. In scientific literature, a primary source, or the "primary literature", is the original publication of a scientist's new data, results, and theories. For example, these ideas may be used to trace the history of scientific theories, literary elements, and other information that is passed from one author to another. Though the terms primary source and secondary source originated in historiography as a way to trace the history of historical ideas, they have been applied to many other fields. In scholarly writing, the objective of classifying sources is to determine the independence and reliability of sources. ![]() In contexts such as historical writing, it is almost always advisable to use primary sources and that "if none are available, it is only with great caution that may proceed to make use of secondary sources." Sreedharan believes that primary sources have the most direct connection to the past and that they "speak for themselves" in ways that cannot be captured through the filter of secondary sources. In scholarly writing, an important objective of classifying sources is to determine their independence and reliability. : 118–246 Significance of source classification History From a letter of Philip II, King of Spain, 16th century "Primary" and "secondary" should be understood as relative terms, with sources categorized according to specific historical contexts and what is being studied. ![]() ![]() For example, a memoir would be considered a primary source in research concerning its author or about their friends characterized within it, but the same memoir would be a secondary source if it were used to examine the culture in which its author lived. A secondary source may also be a primary source depending on how it is used. Generally, accounts written after the fact with the benefit of hindsight are secondary. Primary sources are distinguished from secondary sources, which cite, comment on, or build upon primary sources. In journalism, a primary source can be a person with direct knowledge of a situation, or a document written by such a person. Similar definitions can be used in library science and other areas of scholarship, although different fields have somewhat different definitions. It serves as an original source of information about the topic. In the study of history as an academic discipline, a primary source (also called an original source) is an artifact, document, diary, manuscript, autobiography, recording, or any other source of information that was created at the time under study. This wall painting found in the Roman city of Pompeii is an example of a primary source about people in Pompeii in Roman times ( portrait of Terentius Neo). ![]() For Wikipedia's policy on the use of primary sources, see Wikipedia:No original research#Primary. ![]()
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